Red Columbine (Aquilegia formosa), Pacific northwest native perennial

Aquilegia formosa (Red Columbine, Crimson Columbine, Western Columbine)

Kingdom	:	Plantae – Plants
Subkingdom	:	Tracheobionta – Vascular plants
Superdivision	:	Spermatophyta – Seed plants
Division	:	Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants
Class	:	Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons
Subclass	:	Magnoliidae
Order	:	Ranunculales
Family	:	Ranunculaceae – Buttercup family
Genus	:	Aquilegia L. – columbine
Species	:	Aquilegia formosa Fisch. ex DC. – western columbine

Note: Throughout the years I've written short articles for our website's home pages (home pages are the front page of a website) about these plants. They are now included at the bottom of this page, and are illustrated by botanical drawings and paintings, some of which are from books published from 1500 - 1900.

An elegant perennial, nodding red flowers distinguish this elegant plant from the Blue Columbine, whose flowers are held erect.

Hummingbirds and butterflies thrive on columbine nectar.

This is a beautiful, delightful flower reaching to about 2' tall. A fine native for every garden, Red Columbine is native along the Pacific coast from Alaska to Baja, California and east into Utah (USDA 7-10).

This columbine needs regular water but is otherwise very adaptable. Given that this species is common in the countryside, usually twining its way to the sun from amidst bushes and brambles, its water requirements are successfully met by that which falls from the sky naturally. I think having its feet shaded gives it an assist in the moisture department.

Natives groups used Red Columbine medicinally.

From Homepage June 24, 2008

Not your ordinary red flower--Red Columbine (Aquilegia formosa) swings gently with the slightest breeze, attracting only the finest butterflies and hummingbirds. I can't decide whether she looks like a ballerina twirling on pointed toes or a little Miss Muffet raising her skirts to curtsy. No matter, this northwest native perennial will grace your garden each summer.

Healthy, vigorous plants will soon make themselves right at home among your shrubs or in the flower garden.

After those frisky flowers have gone by, seeds will form and when they are just ripe enough they'll scatter close by the mother plant. Come next spring, you'll see new little plants rising up--this native spreads by self-seeding.

Red Columbine is native all along the Pacific coast from Baja, California to Alaska and east into Idaho and Utah. It prefers to have a sheltered site for its feet and will reach upward toward the sun.

A member of the Buttercup Family (Ranunculaceae), Aquilegia formosa is the most common species here in the northwest. In the wild, you'll find them in open, rocky places, streamsides and mountain meadows wherever there is a little moisture. (Note: make sure this plant gets enough water, especially during the first year.)

The spurs atop the bloom provide a rich feast for long-tongued butterflies and hummingbirds but they are also treasured by children and bumblebees. Who will find the sweet nectar first? It's a race! Leslie L. Haskins in his book Wildflowers of the Pacific Coast says "No plant surpasses this in its airy grace of flower and leaf." He quotes poet Jean Ingelow (1820-1897):

"O Columbine, open your folded wrapper,

Where two twin turtle-doves dwell."

According to Mr. Haskins, horticulturist George Gibbs said the roots of this plant are edible and were eaten by Native Peoples. Mr. Gibbs was quite correct in this observation. However, we warn that the Buttercup family contains some fairly dangerous members so one should proceed with great caution before making a meal of Columbine roots. Rather, steal the honey from the spurs and leave the roots to tradition.

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